Spitsbergen Auks: Facts

Auks are fascinating seabirds that are an integral part of Spitsbergen's rich avian biodiversity. These birds, belonging to the family Alcidae, are well adapted to the cold, harsh conditions of the Arctic environment. In Spitsbergen, several species of auks can be observed, including the little auk, Brünnich's guillemot, and the Atlantic puffin. Here are some interesting facts about these remarkable birds.

The little auk (Alle alle) is one of the most abundant seabirds in the Arctic, with millions of individuals found across the region. In Spitsbergen, they form large colonies on steep cliffs, where they nest in crevices and under rocks. Little auks are small, black and white birds with a high-pitched, trilling call. They are excellent fliers and swimmers, feeding primarily on small fish and zooplankton, which they catch by diving underwater.

Brünnich's guillemot (Uria lomvia), also known as the thick-billed murre, is another common auk species in Spitsbergen. These birds are slightly larger than little auks and have a distinctive black and white plumage with a thicker bill. Brünnich's guillemots are known for their impressive diving abilities, reaching depths of up to 150 meters (492 feet) in search of fish and invertebrates. They nest in large colonies on narrow ledges of cliffs, often alongside other seabird species.

Atlantic puffins (Fratercula arctica) are perhaps the most recognizable and charismatic of the auk family, with their colorful beaks and striking appearance. In Spitsbergen, puffins are less common than other auk species but can still be found in certain areas, particularly in the southern parts of the archipelago. Puffins nest in burrows or rock crevices and are known for their unique behavior of using their wings to "fly" underwater while hunting for fish.

Auks have several adaptations that enable them to thrive in the Arctic environment. Their dense plumage provides insulation against the cold, while their compact bodies and strong wings make them powerful fliers. Their feet are positioned towards the rear of their bodies, which makes them excellent swimmers but also gives them a distinctive, upright posture on land. These adaptations allow auks to exploit both aerial and aquatic habitats effectively.

Breeding colonies of auks in Spitsbergen are a spectacular sight, with thousands of birds nesting on cliffs and rocky outcrops. These colonies are often noisy and bustling with activity, as birds constantly fly back and forth between their nests and feeding grounds. The dense nesting sites provide some protection against predators, although they can still fall prey to Arctic foxes and large gulls.

The diet of auks varies depending on the species and the availability of prey. Little auks primarily feed on zooplankton, such as copepods and amphipods, which they catch by diving. Brünnich's guillemots and puffins, on the other hand, mainly feed on small fish, such as capelin and herring. These dietary preferences reflect the different foraging strategies and habitats used by each species.

Climate change poses a significant threat to auk populations in Spitsbergen. Warming temperatures and changing sea ice conditions affect the availability and distribution of their prey, leading to shifts in foraging behavior and potential declines in reproductive success. Conservation efforts focus on monitoring auk populations, protecting critical habitats, and mitigating the impacts of climate change to ensure the survival of these important seabirds.

Auks are an essential part of Spitsbergen's avian community, showcasing remarkable adaptations to the Arctic environment. Their diverse species, behaviors, and challenges highlight the importance of conservation efforts in this fragile region. By protecting auks and their habitats, we contribute to the preservation of the Arctic's rich biodiversity.